BobRingReflections

Pat and I were looking forward to a Spring 2023 cruise on the Lower Mississippi River from New Orleans to Memphis.  In preparation for that adventure, I previously wrote about the history of the Mississippi River (February 27, 2022) and the history of New Orleans (April 15, 2022).  I planned on this article covering the history of Native Americans in the Lower Mississippi River Valley, and then following that with an article on the history of Memphis.  Unfortunately, our trip was cancelled during the writing of this article.  I decided to complete the article anyway.  You never know …   After a short introduction to the Lower Mississippi River, I will cover the first peoples in the area, then over 5,000 years of impressive Mound Builder cultures, the first European contact, post contact Native American cultures, the ensuing Indian wars, and Indian removals, in which Native Americans lost their heritage lands.  I will conclude with a snapshot of Nat...

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly becoming critical to the modern world.   This article will explore the science of artificial intelligence, where it came from, what it is doing for us today, and what it might do for us in the future.   I will start with a definition of AI and how it works, then talk about the components of today’s AI systems, followed by the history of AI, its applications to specific problems so far, and what we can expect in the future.   I will conclude with a discussion of the potential of ultimate AI systems. My principal sources include “Artificial Intelligence,” “History of Artificial Intelligence,” and “Artificial General Intelligence,” Wikipedia; “How Does Artificial Intelligence Work?”   csuglobal.edu; “The History of Artificial Intelligence,” sitn.hms.harvard.edu; “A Complete History of Artificial Intelligence,” g2.com; “What is Artificial Intelligence:   Types, History, and Future,” simplilearn.com; “The Brief History of...